High Sierra compatible CrossOver Mac 17 is the easiest way to run Microsoft Windows software on your Mac without buying a Windows license.
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You might want the model name or serial number of your Mac when checking warranty coverage, searching for specifications or other information about your model, creating a home inventory, and more. Identifying your Mac model is also important when selling or giving away your Mac or learning whether it's compatible with the latest operating system or other software or hardware.
Use About This Mac
From the Apple menu in the corner of your screen, choose About This Mac. You'll see an overview of your Mac, including its model name and serial number.
If you see a window like this, double-click the version number beneath “OS X” to show the serial number: Use System Information
The System Information app also shows your Mac model and serial number. Open the app, then select Hardware on the left side of the System Information window. The model name and serial number appear on the right:
If your Mac doesn't finish starting up
If you can't use the solutions above because your Mac doesn't finish starting up:
If you still need help, contact an Apple Store or Apple Authorized Service Provider.
. 3 metres (10 feet). 60 metres (200 feet) Width7.4 mm male (8.3 mm female)Height4.5 mm male (5.4 mm female)Hot pluggableYesDaisy chainYes, up to 6 devicesExternalYesAudio signalVia DisplayPort protocol or USB-based external audio cards. Supports audio through converters.Video signalVia DisplayPort protocolPinsThunderbolt V1 and V2: 20Thunderbolt V3: 24ConnectorThunderbolt V1 and V2:Thunderbolt V3:ElectricalMax. Voltage18 (bus power)Max. Thunderbolt link connectionsIntel provides two types of Thunderbolt controllers, a two-port and a one-port type. Both peripherals and computers require a controller.Thunderbolt controllers one or more individual data lanes from connected PCIe and DisplayPort devices for transmission via two duplex Thunderbolt lanes, then de-multiplex them for use by PCIe and DisplayPort devices on the other end.
A single Thunderbolt port supports up to six Thunderbolt devices via hubs or; as many of these as the host has DP sources may be Thunderbolt.A single Mini DisplayPort monitor or other device of any kind may be connected directly or at the very end of the chain. Thunderbolt is interoperable with DP-1.1a compatible devices. When connected to a DP-compatible device, the Thunderbolt port can provide a native DisplayPort signal with four lanes of output data at no more than 5.4 Gbit/s per Thunderbolt lane. When connected to a Thunderbolt device, the per-lane data rate becomes 10 Gbit/s and the four Thunderbolt lanes are configured as two duplex lanes, each 10 Gbit/s comprising one lane of input and one lane of output.Thunderbolt can be implemented on PCIe, which have access to DisplayPort data and PCIe connectivity, or on the motherboard of new computers with, such as the.The interface was originally intended to run exclusively on an optical physical layer using components and flexible cabling developed by Intel partners and at Intel's Silicon Photonics lab. It was initially marketed under the name Light Peak, and after 2011 as Silicon Photonics Link.
However, it was discovered that conventional wiring could furnish the desired 10 Gbit/s per channel at lower cost.This copper-based version of the Light Peak concept was co-developed. Apple registered Thunderbolt as a, but later transferred the mark to Intel, which held overriding intellectual-property rights.Thunderbolt was commercially introduced on Apple's 2011, using the same Apple-developed connector as, which is electrically identical to, but uses a smaller, non-locking connector.started selling up to 30-metre-long (100-foot) optical Thunderbolt cables in Japan in January, 2013, and, began selling up to 60-metre-long (200-foot) in the U.S. In late September, 2013. History Introduction introduced Light Peak at the 2009 (IDF), using a prototype logic board to run two video streams plus and storage devices over a single 30-meter optical cable with modified ends.
The system was driven by a prototype card, with two optical buses powering four ports. Jason Ziller, head of Intel's Optical I/O Program Office showed the internal components of the technology under a microscope and the sending of data through an oscilloscope. The technology was described as having an initial speed of 10 Gbit/s over plastic optical cables, and promising a final speed of 100 Gbit/s. At the show, Intel said Light Peak-equipped systems would begin to appear in 2010, and posted a video showing Light Peak-connected HD cameras, laptops, docking stations, and HD monitors.On 4 May 2010, in, Intel demonstrated a laptop with a Light Peak connector, indicating that the technology had shrunk enough to fit inside such a device, and had the laptop send two simultaneous HD video streams down the connection, indicating that at least some fraction of the software/firmware stacks and protocols were functional. At the same demonstration, Intel officials said they expected hardware manufacturing to begin around the end of 2010.In September 2010, some early commercial prototypes from manufacturers were demonstrated at 2010. Optical Though Thunderbolt was originally conceived as an technology, Intel switched to electrical connections to reduce costs and to supply up to 10 watts of power to connected devices.In 2009, Intel officials said the company was 'working on bundling the optical fiber with copper wire so Light Peak can be used to power devices plugged into the PC.'
In 2010, Intel said the original intent was 'to have one single connector technology' that would let 'electrical. And piggyback on USB 3.0 or 4.0 DC power.' Light Peak aimed to make great strides in consumer-ready optical technology, by then having achieved 'connectors rated for 7,000 insertions, which matches or exceeds other PC connections. Cables that were tied in multiple knots to make sure it didn't break and the loss is acceptable,' and, 'You can almost get two people pulling on it at once and it won't break the fibre.' They predicted that 'Light Peak cables will be no more expensive than HDMI.'
In January 2011, Intel's David Perlmutter told that initial Thunderbolt implementations would be based on copper wires. 'The copper came out very good, surprisingly better than what we thought,' he said. A major advantage of copper is the ability to carry power. The final Thunderbolt standard specifies 10 W DC on every port.
See comparison section below.Intel and industry partners are still developing optical Thunderbolt hardware and cables. The are to run 'tens of meters' but don't supply power, at least not initially. The version from Corning contains four 80/125 µm VSDN (Very Short Distance Network) fibers to transport an infrared signal up to 190 metres (600 feet).
The conversion of electrical signal to optical is embedded into the cable itself, so the current MDP connector is forward compatible. Eventually, Intel hopes for a purely optical transceiver assembly embedded in the PC.The first such optical Thunderbolt cable was introduced by in January 2013. It is available in lengths of 10 metres (30 feet), 20 metres (70 feet), and 30 metres (100 feet). However, those cables are retailed almost exclusively in Japan, and the price is 20 to 30 times higher than copper Thunderbolt cables.German company DeLock also released optical Thunderbolt cables in lengths of 10 metres (30 feet), 20 metres (70 feet), and 30 metres (100 feet) in 2013, priced similarly to the Sumitomo ones, and retailed only in Germany.In September 2013, glass company released the first range of optical Thunderbolt cables available in the Western marketplace outside Japan, along with optical USB 3.0 cables, both under the brand name 'Optical Cables'. Half the diameter of and 80% lighter than comparable copper Thunderbolt cables, they work with the 10 Gbit/s Thunderbolt protocol and the 20 Gbit/s Thunderbolt 2 protocol, and thus are able to work with all self-powered Thunderbolt devices (unlike copper cables, optical cables cannot provide power).
The cables extend the current 30 metres (100 feet) maximum length offered by copper to a new maximum of 60 metres (200 feet). This lets peripheral Thunderbolt devices be farther from their host device(s).As of January 2019 there are no optical Thunderbolt 3 cables on the market. However, optical Thunderbolt 1 and 2 cables can be used with 's Thunderbolt 3 (USB-C) to Thunderbolt 2 adapters on each end of the cable.
This achieves connections up to the 60 metres (200 feet) maximum offered by previous generations of the standard. In April 2019, Corning showed an optical Thunderbolt 3 cable at the 2019 in, with no release date yet announced.
Thunderbolt 1 's Brooke Crothers said it was rumored that the early-2011, MacBook Pro update would include some sort of new data port, and he speculated it would be Light Peak (Thunderbolt). At the time, there were no details on the physical implementation, and mock-ups appeared showing a system similar to the earlier Intel demos using a combined USB/Light Peak port. Shortly before the release of the new machines, the (USB-IF) announced they would not allow such a combination port, and that USB was not open to modification in that way.Other implementations of the technology began in 2012, with desktop boards offering the interconnection now available.Apple stated in February 2011 that the port was based on, not USB. As the system was described, Intel's solution to the display connection problem became clear: Thunderbolt controllers multiplex data from existing DP systems with data from the PCIe port into a single cable. Older displays that using DP 1.1a or earlier must be located at the end of a Thunderbolt device chain, but native displays can be anywhere along the line. Thunderbolt devices can go anywhere on the chain.
USB-C Thunderbolt 3 plugThunderbolt 3 is a hardware interface developed by Intel. It shares connectors with USB, and can require special for maximum performance for cable lengths over 0.5 meters (1.5 feet). Compared to Thunderbolt 2, it doubles the bandwidth to 40 Gbit/s (5 GB/s), allowing up to 4-lane PCIe 3.0, 8-lane DisplayPort 1.2, and USB 3.1 10 Gbit/s.Intel's Thunderbolt 5 controller (codenamed Alpine Ridge, or the new Titan Ridge) halves power consumption, and simultaneously drives two external 4K displays at 60 Hz (or a single external 4K display at 120 Hz, or a 5K display at 60 Hz when using Apple's implementation for the late-2016 MacBook Pros) instead of just the single display previous controllers can drive. The new controller supports 3.0 and other protocols, including DisplayPort (allowing for resolutions at 60 Hz). Thunderbolt 3 has limited power delivery capabilities on copper cables and no power delivery capability on optical cables.
Using USB-C on copper cables, it can incorporate, allowing the ports to source or sink up to 100 watts of power. This eliminates the need for a separate power supply from some devices.
This section needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: – ( April 2017) Apple released its first Thunderbolt-equipped computer in early 2011 with the. The first Thunderbolt peripheral devices appeared in retail stores only in late 2011, with the relatively expensive Pegasus R4 (4-drive) and Pegasus R6 (6-drive) enclosures by aimed at the and professional market, initially offering up to 12 TB of storage, later increased to 18 TB. Sales of these units were hurt by the (who manufacture much of the world's supply of hard-drives) resulting in a cut to worldwide hard-drive production and a subsequent driving-up of storage costs, hence the retail price of these Promise units increased in response, contributing to a slower take-up of the devices.It also took some time for other storage manufacturers to release products: most were smaller devices aimed at the professional market, and focused on speed rather than high capacity.
Many storage devices were under 1 in size, with some featuring SSDs for faster external-data access rather than standard hard-drives.Other companies have offered interface products that can route multiple older, usually slower, connections through a single Thunderbolt port. In July 2011, Apple released its, whose and other older connector types made it the first hub of its type. Later, companies such as, and have all released Thunderbolt docks.As of late 2012, few other storage devices offering double-digit capacity had appeared. Exceptions included Sonnet Technologies' highly priced professional units, and 's 4- and 5-drive enclosures, the latter featuring their own proprietary data-handling system.Backwards compatibility with non-Thunderbolt-equipped computers was a problem, as most storage devices featured only two Thunderbolt ports, for daisy-chaining up to six devices from each one. In mid-2012, Drobo, and other device makers started to swap out one of the two Thunderbolt ports for a connection on some of their low-to-mid end products. Later models had the USB 3.0 added in addition to the two Thunderbolt ports, including those from LaCie on their 2big range.The late 2013 Retina MacBook Pro was the first product to have Thunderbolt 2 ports, following which manufacturers started to update their model offerings to those featuring the newer, faster, 20 Gbit/s connection throughout 2014. Again, among the first was Promise Technology, who released updated Pegasus 2 versions of their R4 and R6 models along with an even larger R8 (8-drive) unit, offering up to 32 TBs of storage.
Later, other brands similarly introduced high capacity models with the newer connection type, including G-Technology (with their G-RAID Studio models offering up to 24 TB) and LaCie (with their 5big, and 8big models, offering up to 48 TB). LaCie also offering updated designed versions of their 2big mainstream consumer models, up to 12 TB, using new 6 TB hard-drives.Thunderbolt 3 was introduced in late 2015, with several motherboard manufacturers and laptop manufacturers including Thunderbolt 3 with their products. Thunderbolt Ethernet adapterIn June 2011, the first two-meter Thunderbolt cable from Apple cost US$49.
As an, it contains circuitry in its connectors.In June 2012, Apple began selling a Thunderbolt-to- adaptor cable for US$29. In the third quarter of 2012, other manufacturers started providing cables of varying lengths up to the maximum supported length of three meters, while some storage-enclosure builders began including a Thunderbolt cable with their devices.In January 2013, Apple reduced the price of their 2-meter cable to US$39 and added a half-meter cable for US$29.Several other brands have released copper Thunderbolt cables, with some going up to the maximum 3 metres (10 feet) allowable for copper Thunderbolt cables. Initially, most devices did not come with an included Thunderbolt cable to keep selling cost lower, hence the mass usage of Apple's cables or third-party cables, especially if a user wanted 3m length, but most devices eventually began including some length of copper Thunderbolt cable with the product.With the introduction of Thunderbolt 3, Intel announced that otherwise-standard passive USB-C cables would be able to connect Thunderbolt devices at lower speeds than full active Thunderbolt cables, but still faster than USB 3.1.
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